CA2131365C - Epibatidine and derivatives, compositions and methods of treating pain - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is directed to compounds, compositions and methods of treating pain, and derivatives that have potent analgetic activity. The compounds have formula (I) wherein R1 is selected from H, lower alkyl, C3-C9 cycloalkyl, acyl, and C3-C9 cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl or C3-C8 cycloalkynyl; and wherein R is selected from cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryls (selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, thienyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, and pyrimidyl) or phenoxy and wherein said R groups can be substituted with hydroxyl, C1-C6 lower alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 lower alkoxyl, halo, C1-C6 haloalkyl, amino, C1-C6 alkylamino and C2-C10 dialkylamino, and sulfonamido or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Description

2 1 3 1 ~ 6 ~ PCT/US9~/01936 EPIBATIDINE AND DERIVATIVES, COMPOSITIONS AND
METHODS OF TREATING PAIN

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to epibatidine and its derivatives, compositions and methods of treating pain.

BAC~GROUND OF THE INVENTION
The control of pai~ is at present primarily through the use of opioid-like analgetics, such as morphine, fentanyl, pentaZocine, etc., or through non-stexoidal antiinflammatories. There are limitations to the u~efulness of such agents, and other classe~ of analgetics for the c~ Lol and amelioration of pain are needed. A
trace alkaloid epiba~ n~ from skins of a neotropical frog is two ~ ed fold ~ore potent than morphine admini~stered subcu~neot~ly to mice in a standard analgetic test. In addition the analgesia elicited ~y epi~atidine is ~ot antago~;z~ ~y the opioid an~agonist naloxone, indic~ting that the analgesia is not due to actions of epibatidine at opioid receptors. In ~ o~ of this conclusion is the very low affinity of epibatidine fo~ dihydromorphine binding sites in rodent brain me~ranes. l~pibatidine at higher doses causes a marked Strau}:)-tail response, as does morphine, an effect linked to acti~ation of dopamirle pathways in the spinal cord. However, the Straub-tail 2~ response to ~pi~atidine, unlike the Straub tail response to morphinet is not blocked by the opioid-antagoni~t n~loxone.

SUMMARY O~ THE I~v~:NllON
30The present invention is directed to a purified and isolated compound having the formula:
Cl ~ N

~

or a pharmaceutically accep-able salt therof.

2 1 3 1 3 fi ~ PCT/~S93/019~

The present invention is also directed to a compound having the formula:
Rl I

. R ~

wher~in Rl is selected from H, lower al~cyl, C3~cg cycloalkyl, acyl, and C~-C9 cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, A~ nyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, or C3-CII cyclo~llcenyl or C 5-C8 cycloalk~nyl; and wherein R is ~i;electQd from c:ycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryls (~ielected frcm the ~ ~u~ consi.~;ting of pyridyl, ~hienyl, furanyl, imida~olyl, pyrazia~yl, and pyrimidy~) or ~h~noxy and wherein aid R ~.o~ can be ubstituted with ~,y-lloxyl, Cl-C6 lower alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, CloC6 lower alkoxyl, halo, C~-C6 haloa~ l, amino, C1-C6 al~lamino and C2-C10 dialkylamino, and sulfonamido or a pharmaceutically acc:eptable s~lt thereof with the proviso - 20 ~at R i5 not 6-chloro-3-pyridyl and Rl is not ~.
~rhe pre ent i~vention i~; also directed to analgetic compositions which co~prise an ef~ecti~e ~ount of t~e above com~u~-ds, and a pharmaceutic~lly acaeptable carrièr ~nd a ~ethod ~or tr~ating analgesia which ..comprises 25 ~i ni ~tering to a ho~t in need th~r~of ~ analgetic effective amount of ~he comrol~A~ described above.
Typical alkenyl and alkynyl ylou~ may haYe one unsaturated bond, such as an allyl y~o~ or may have a plurality of unsaturated bDnds, with such plurality. of h~n~ either adjacent, such as allene type structures, or in conjugation, or separated by several ~aturated c~rbon~
The t~rm "pharmaceutically-acceptable salt~" em~races commonly used alkali metal salts and addition sal~s of free acids cr free bases. Since the c~mpounds contain basic nitrogen atoms, such salts are typically acid addition salts, or quaternary ammonium salts with one or more Cl-c6 alkyl or cycloalkyl groups.

W093/18037 3 PCT/US93/Ot9 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Where the term ~alkyl~ is used, either alone or within other terms, such as "haloalkyl" and "hydroxyal~yl", the term ~alkyl~ embraces linear or branched radicals havinq S one to about t~e..~y carbon atoms or, preferably, one to about ten c~r~on atoms.
By lower alkyl, straight or brAnchD~, is meant stru~LuLe~ monovalent r~;cAl~ having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of lower alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, .. ~o~l, isopropyl, " bu~yl, i~obutyl, se~ ~uLyl, tertiary ~yl, .. ~.Lyl, iso-pentyl, methylbutyl, dimethylbutyl, neG~-Lyl and n-hexyl.
By cycloalkyl i~ meant radicals originating from cycl~ A~es having from 3 ts 8 carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyls, include, but are not limited to, cycl~r~yl, cycl~Lyl, cycl~e.~l and cyclohexyl. The cycloalkyl o~_ can be further ~ubstituted with a halogen ato~ such as bromine, fluorine or chlorine.
By cycloalkylalkyl i~ meant rA~ic~l~ ori~ ting from an alkane of I to 6 ~rhon atoms and which are further ~ubstituted by cycloalkyls h~ving 3 to 8 carho~ atoms.
Example~ of cycloalkylalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropylmethyl, cyc:lobutylmethyl, 1-: cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl and 3-cyclohexylpr~pyl.
By acyl is meant an organic radical derived from an organic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group, i.e., a radical having the for~ R2C(O)-, wherein ~2 iS a lower Cl-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, a phenyl, a benzyl or phenethyl group.; Exa~ples of acyl ~ou~s, include, but are not limited to, formyl, aoetyl, propionyl and ~ULy~
ay arylacyl i8 meant an acyl y~OU~ as described above wherein R2 is an aromatic radical, i.e., phenyl and naphthyl. The aro~atic radical can be further substituted ~ 35 by Cl-C6 lower alkyl, halogen, lower haloalkyl, lower mono--~ ~ and di-alkylamino and sulfonamido groups.
':

"~ ~

WO93/18037 31~ fi S PCT/US93/olg36 By lower haloalkyl is meant a c,-c6 alkyl radical which is substituted with one or more, same or different, halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of bromine, chlorine and fluorine and preferred are mono- or di-halo substituted C~-C6 alkyl. Examples of lower haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, dibro~omethyl, dichloromethyl, bromochloromethyl and trifluoromethyl.
The term "hy~ yalkyl" embraces linear or branched alkyl ~ s having one to about ten carbon atoms, any one of which may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl ~ y~u~5. The terms "alkenyl" and "alkynyl" embraces linear or br~n~ radicals having two to about ~r~l.Ly carbon atoms, preferably two to about ten carbon ato~s, and con~;nin~ at least one c~ rbon double- or triple-lS bond.
By C2-C6 alkenyl is meant a univalent linear or brA~ rhatic radical having at least one double-bond or a plurality of bonds either adjacent, such as allene-type stru~ s, or in conjugation or separated by several ~ .ated c~rho~C. Examples of Alk~nyl ~.o~ include, but are not limited toO ethenyl, 2-p~o~el.yl,' l-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, l-pentenyl, 2~pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl and 3-hexenyl~
By C2-C6 alkynyl is meant a univalent linear or branched radi~al having at least 1 triple-bond. Examples of C2-C6 al~ynyl ylou~ include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, l-~y~lyl, 2-~lo~y~yl~ l-butynyl, 2-LuLys~yl~ 3-~Ly~yl, l-pe.,Lyl.yl, 2-pel~y~lyl, 3-pentynyl, l-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl and 3-hexynyl.
The terms "cycloalkenyl" and "cycloalkynyl" embrace cyclic radicals having three to about ten ring carbon atoms including, at least one double- or triple-bond involving, respectively, adjacent ring carbons. The term "alkoxyl"
embraces linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each having alkyl portions of one to about ten carbon atoms~
such as a methoxyl group. The "alkoxyl" or "alkoxyalkyl"
radicals may be further substituted with one or more :~, ::

WO93/18037 2 1 3 1 3 6 ~ PCT/US93/019~

halogen atoms, such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, to provide haloalkoxyl or haloalkoxyalkyl groups. The term "heteroaryl" embraces aromatic ring systems containing one, two or three hetero atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in a ring system having five, six or seven ring members. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, thienyl, furanyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, pyrimidyl and isoxazolyl.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts useful in the present invention include com~ s capable of forming a salt, for example, at the nitrogen atom an the ring and which are bio-compatible and ar~ well known to those skilled in the art. Example~ of phar~aceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, oxalates, citrates, tartrates, lly~L~hloride salts and the like, since the comrol~n~ contain basic niLLo~ atoms, such salts can be acid addition salts or quaternary amm~onium salts with 1 or more Cl-C6 alkyl or cycloalkyl ~
The comro~nAC and compositions of the present invention are useful in tr~ating pain.
By pain is meant acute and chronic pain, due to illness, trauma or associated with inflammation or postoperative rec~ve~-.
All percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.
Example l Isolation of E~ibatidine~ Skins from 750 Epipedobates tricolor from southwestern Ecuador were mi~ and extracted by trituration three times with me~hanol (total volume 1.5 L). After co~centration of the methanol extract in vacuo to S00 mL and dilution with an equal vvlume of water, alkaloids were extracted three times into equal ~olumes of chloroform. The chloroform-soluble alkaloids were then extracted four times into one-half volumes of 0.1 N HCl. The combined 0.1 N HCl solutions were adjusted to pH 9 with 1 N aqueous ammonia, followed by extraction of alkaloids three times into equal volumes of chloroform.

W0~3/1~37 PCT/US93/019~
2131'3fi~

The combined chloroform solutions were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to dryness to yie~d 80 mg of crude alkaloids. Sixty milligrams of crude alkaloids from Epipedobates tricolor were dissolved in o.S mL of chloroform and applied to a prepacked silica gel 60 column (Merck 1.0 x 24 cm) and eluted with 500 mL of chloroform-methanol-aqueous 6 N ammonia (800:10:0.1) and then with 1 L of chloroform-methanol-agueous ammonia ~1000:100:0.2).
Five-milliliter fractions were collected. Fractions 108-~11 con~A; neA the bulk of the alkaloid epibat;~i~e thatelicited the Straub-tail reaction in mice. The estimated recovery of Straub-tail equivalents from the column was about 40%. ~raction 108 in methanol was ~ .L,ated to 0.4 mL and further purified by HPLC on Parti~il PXS 10/25 PAC with a solvent of acetonitrile-O.Ol M (NH~)2CO, at 4 mL/min. Fractions of 0.5 rL were extracted with chloroform, the chloroform was dried over Na2SO~ and ~vaporated. Fraction 4 contained almost exclusively epiba~ e hA~e~ upon thin-layer and gas chromatographic analysis and was used for biological testing. Fraction 3 contA~ne~ substantial amounts of epibatidine, along with other alkaloids.

Example 2 Preparation of N-Acetyle~ibatidine. A solution of epibatidine (-300 ~g) in 1 ml of CH,OH was evaporated and treated with 2 drops of acetic anhydride for 2 hrs~ at room temperature, then saturated NaHCO3 was added and the aqueous solution extracted with several one drop portions of EtOAc.
The EtOAc layer was extracted with three 200 ~1 portion~ of 0.1 N HCl to remove any contaminating amines, dried and evaporated to dryness with a nitrogen stream.' The resulting N-acetylepibatidine was homogeneous by gas chromatographic analysis and was obtained in near quantitative yield.

WO93/18037 2 1 3 1 3 6 ~ PCT/~S93/01936 ExamPle 3 SYnthesis of (~) E~ibatidine (8). The synthesis of epibatidine is shown in Scheme 1. 3-Pyridyl-2-cyclohexa-1,3-diene (1) prepared from cyclohexane-1,2-dione by the steps of Scheme 2 is reacted with tertiary butylnitroso-formate (2) in methylene chloride to provide the Diels-Alder Adduct 3. Reagent 2 i generated i~ situ from tertiary-butyloxycarbonylhydroxylamine and tetraethyl-ammonium periodate. ~A~llct 3 (one of the two regioiso~ers is shown; both prcduce the same cyclized ~ G~Çt 6) is hy~G~enated with a 5% palladium-on-charcoal cataly~t in methanol to the amino alcohol derîvative 4. The amino alcohol 4 is then treated with thiony~ chloride in pyridine to give the chloro amide S which is cyclized with base-treatment to give 6. Free radical chlorination of 6(carbon tetrachloride, W light source) pro~ides ~, which on deblocking with trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride gives (+) epibatidine (8).

~c~me 1 IÇJ o~N~O~l~ ¢ ;~J , ~J
2S ~ ~ o ~ ~N~O~

3 ~ H
a a 30 ~ O
~17J~oJ~ ~ o~ ~o~ 1~
S ~ 6 ~ 8 ~ ~136~ PCl/US93/01936 As shown in Scheme 2, cyclohexane-1,2-dione is converted to 2-methoxy-cyclohex-2-enone (~) with trimethyl orthoformate and acid, and reacted with the Grignard derivative from 3-bromopyridine, 3-pyridylmagnesium bromile, in tetrahydrofuran to produce 10, which is dehydrated with phosphorous oxychloride in pyridine and hydrolyzed with dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid to give 11. Com~o~.d ll is r~Al~ce~ with sodium borohydride in methanol con~Ai ni ng cerium chloride to the allylic alcohol 12, which is dehydrated with phosphorous oxychloride in pyridine at O C to give ~.

8cheme 2 15 ~

~0 ~- U

When phenylmagnesium bromide (a) or phenyllithium (b) is used in place of 3-pyridylmagnesium bromide, the phenylcarbinol enol ether 1~ arises (Scheme 3). This is refluxed with acetic anhydride (c) or dehydrated wi~h ~hos~horous oxychloride and pyridine (d) and hydrolyzed with aqueous l,ydro~hloric acid (e) to give 2-phenyl-2-cyclohexenone (1~. Reduction of 1~ with ~odium borohydride and cerium chloride in methanol (f~ provides the allylic alcohol 15 which is dehydrated (d) to 2-phenyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene 16. Reaction of ~ with tertiary butyl nitrosoformate (2) as in Scheme 1, provides the Diels~Alder cycloadduct 1~, which can be converted in four steps to (+) exo-2-phenyl-7-azabicyclo~2.2.1]heptane (1~), the phenyl analog of epibatidine.

"~

,., ;: ~ .

WO 93/18037 2 1 3 1 3 6 ~ PCI'~US93J01936 Scheme 3 o ~ ~ ~
~J~OCH,a 0~ b ~OC~ c , ~ 1 ~ d ~HF ~ 1) d ~J ~J

lo bC~c~ ~o~
16 1~
d b~lo ,, ~

15 l;c~eme 2 ~ a~ R~
9 R ~ ~rrJl~ao b3 n wb~llu~d ph-r~l ~ or b) (4) 3~d 2~~
2~r1 b) If instead of a) or b) above, 2- or 3-thienylmagnesium bromide or 2-lithiofuran is used, the ~nalogous exo 2-(2-thienyl)~ (3-thienyl3-, or 2-~2-furanyl)-7-azabicyclo-~2.2.l~heptanes (19) are produced (See Scheme 4)~

WO 93/1$037 PCr~U~93/01936 2~365 10 ';' ~

Scheme S :~

R Fl R

~9 X C~ ~ n ~' V~ , .
. all~
n ~ ~
~c ~ ' -''.
1~ # p~.0~ : ''"
,, .
~ :.

', ,:
The exo :2~alkyl, ~-cycloalkyl or 2~ substi~ut~d 7-15~ ~azal~iayc:loE2:~2~ ]heptanes (~) c~an be ~-ac:ylated to a~ides with :a ~v~r~e~y:~of ~cyl chloride c ~r ac~d a~hy~rides :(~ee ~ Sche~e~ ~5):- ~s~ ~d~ ribed: for ~ onversion o~
epibat~ e~lto;N~acety1 epi3:~atidine ~seè E~ample ~ ab~e~
;'rh~ in~turn;~ an ;~be:~re~ e~ o N-allc~ N-c~cloal ~ 1-O~ hylen~ or:~N-ary1~et~ylene-2-sub titut~d 7-azabic~c1O
[2.~.13h~p~anes~ O~ us:ing lithium a~uminu~ h~dride in;
tetrahydrofuran.:~

B~OLOGICA~ ~ATA~
25:~The~a~s~y~of~ana1getic activity:~ o~:epi~at;~ and c ~ arison~:;w ~ ~morphine~was oQ~ o~e~ by~;~a~ t~n~rd' ~ ~ :
proc~u~ Eddy~.B~ a~d~L~i~ a~h~D~ J.~ Pharmacol~ ~xP.
Thera~.~ , 3~85-393,~ 53~.: NIH mi~e~w~re ~L~ed onto a ho~:pla~e main~ained at 55-C: and the reac~ion ~ime was 30 ~deter~inéd. ~he~icr;i~rion ~or a r~actio~ was kicki~g the hind~ 1ey,~ a~tempting to jump out, or~ k;ny a foot and rn~g~-and~ k1~g~ it.:~ a~tion ti~e~'for~a~ ~ouse was d~termin~d~at~:1east~twice before a~d:~5,~ lO,~ ao:, ~30, 45 and 60-'m~n~a~ter~:~a~in;.stration of compound~.~ ~n :analgetic 3~5~ e~ct~was siqnificant if the reaction :times~ over the 60 min~ assay~ exceeded the values calculated based on prein~ection time~by~300 52C. A range of concentrations of W093/18037 2 1 3 1 3 6 ~ PCT/USg3/01936 a compound was used to determine the ED50, i.e., the dose at which 50% of the mice would show a significant analgetic effect.
Analgetic activity also was apparent for epibatidine S in the Nilsen assay [Nilsen, P.L., Acta Phar~acol. Toxicol.
8, 10-22, 19~1].

Table 1. Comparison of Activity o~ Morphine and Epibatidine as Analgetics.
EDSo Dose for Effect of Naloxone Hot Plate Analgesia ( 5 mg/kg sc) Morphine 1 mg/kg sc Blo~,k~ of Analgesia .:
Epibat; ~ e 0 . 005 mg/kg sc No e~fect ~ he Strau}~-tail reaction was assayed by a ~ nA~rd 20 ~- o~2~ e lAceto, ~q.D.., et.al., Brit. J. Pha~mac:ol . 36, 225-239, 1969~. Briefly the degree OI Straub-t~il reaction was obser-.red after subcutArleollc Isc) injection of doses of morphine and epibati~line and tbe dose required for a greater ~aan 4S- arch of tail was determined. A dose of 10 25 mg/kg of mc~rphine wa~ required, whil~ a dose of 20 tlg/kg of epibatidine elicited a coillparable Straub-tall reac:tion.
Nalc:~xone at 5 ~g/kg administered ~0 ~in prior to either moxphin~ or epiba~ e p~evel.l.ed th~ Straub-t~il reaction to 10 m~k~ morphine~ ~ut only slightly reduced the Straub-tail reaction to 20 ~g/kg epibatidine.
The affinity of morphine and epibatidine for opioid-~inding sites in guinea pig brain preparations was ~onAl~ted by a st~n~rd procedure ~Pert, C.P. and Snyder, S., ~ol. Pharmacol., 10, 868-879, 1974]. ~riefly, cerebral 35 tissue from brains of male Hartley guinea pigs was homogenized in lo volumes of ice-cold so mM Tris-HCl buffer ~p~ 7.4) for 20 sec. in a Polytron homogenizer at 3000 rpm.
After centrifugation at 18,000 G for 10 min., the pellet was reconstructed to the same volume in Tris buffer.
Aliquots of the suspension (1.9 ml) were incu~ated with 1nM

2~3 ~3 6S 12 t3H]dihydromorphine and various concentrations of morphine or epibatidine in a final volume of 2 ml for 30 min. at 25~
in the dark. Samples were chilled to 0~ and filtered through glass fiber filters, followed by two washes with 5 ml of ice cold Tris buffer. Radioactivity ret~in~ on the filter was determined with a liquid scintillation counter.
Nonsp~cific bin~ing of t3H]dihydromorphine was determined in the pr~e~c~ of 100 nM naloxone. Morphine had an IC50 of 1.1 nM, while ~pibatidine was nearly inactive with an IC50 of 8,800 nM.
Embraced within this in~ention would be pharmaceutical compositions r~nCi~ting of the epibatidine-class com~ou~.
in A-s~ciation with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants (collectively i5 referred to herein as "carrier" materials) and, if desired, other active ingredients. The com~ A~ of th~ present invention may be administered by any suitable route~
preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition adapted to ~uch a route, and in an analgetic dose effective for the treatment inten~e~. Therapeutically effective analgetic doses of the com~ou~ of the present invention re~uired to prevent or arrest the p~G~ e S of the m~dical condition will be readily aScert~in~ by one of ordimary ~kill in the art. The compounds and compositions may, for example, be administered parenterally, for example, i~fLla~scularly, i,-lla~eritone~lly, subcutaneously, intramuscularly; or topically.
For oral a~inistration~ the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the for~, for example~ of a tablet, capsule, suspension, or liquid. The pharmaceutical composition is prefera~ly made in the form of a dosage unit con~;n;ng a particular amount of the active ingredient.
Examples of such dosage units are tablets or capsules. The active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition wherein, for example, saline or dextrose solutions or water may be used as a -~uitable carrier. A
suitable dose can be administered, in multiple sub-doses WO93/18037 2 1 3 1 3 6 ~ PCT/US93/01936 per day. These sub-doses may be administered in unit dosage fo~s.
By analgetic effective amount is meant the dosage regimen for treating chronic or acute pain with the compounds and/or compositions of this invention and would be ~elected in accordance with a variety of factors, including the type, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, and the particular c~mpound employed. An analgetic effective amount would be considered between from about O.l to 20 ~g/kg body weight per parenteral dose~ A
preferred dose would be from about 1 - 6 ~/kg body weight per parenteral do~e.
For therapeutic pu~ , the com~,~s of this invention ar~ ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants a~ iate to the indicated route of administration. If administered E~ os, the com~ -dc ~ay be admixed with lactose, ~ucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of ~lk~noic ~c~c, celluloee alkyl ~sters, talc, ~tearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium ox~de, ~odiuo and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, fiO~iUm alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and then tableted ~r ~nc~psuia~ed for convenient ad~inistration. ~uch ~apsules or t~blets may contain a ~ L~olled-release formulation as may be provided in a di~persion of active ~o~pound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. Formula.ions of parenteral A~rini~tration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonio sterile injectable solutions or suspensions.
These solutions and suspensions may be prepaxed from sterile powders or granules having one or more ~f the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration. The compo~nds may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn 3~ oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art.

WO93/18037 PCT/US93/019~
~3l3~5 14 Although this invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, the details of these embodiments are not to be construed as limitations.
Various equivalents, changes and modifications may be made without depa~:ing from the spirit and scope of this invention, and it is understood that such equivalent embodiments are part of this invention.

Claims (7)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A purified and isolated compound having the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt therof.

2. A compound having the formula:

wherein R1 is selected from H, lower alkyl, C3-C9 cycloalkyl, acyl, and C3-C9 cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl or C3-C8 cycloalkynyl; and wherein R is selected from cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryls (selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, thienyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, and pyrimidyl) or phenoxy and wherein said R groups can be substituted with hydroxyl, C1-C6 lower alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 lower alkoxyl, halo, C1-C6 haloalkyl, amino, C1-C6 alkylamino and C2-C10 dialkylamino, and sulfonamido or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with the proviso that R is not 6-chloro-3-pyridyl and R1 is not H.

3. The compound according to Claim 2, wherein R is 6-chloro-3-pyridyl and R1 is CH3C(O)- or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4. An analgetic composition which comprises an effective analgetic amount of a compound according to Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

5. An analgetic composition which comprises an effective analgetic amount of a compound according to Claim 2 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

6. A method of treating pain which comprises administering to a host in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound having the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

7. A method of treating pain which comprises administering to a host in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound having the formula:

wherein R1 is selected from H, lower alkyl, C3-C9 cycloalkyl, acyl, and C3-C9 cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl or C3-C8 cycloalkynyl; and wherein R is selected from cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryls (selected ~rom the group consisting of pyridyl, thienyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, and pyrimidyl) or phenoxy and wherein said R groups can be substituted with hydroxyl, C1-C6 lower alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 lower alkoxyl, halo, C1-C6 haloalkyl, amino, C1-C6 alkylamino and C2-C10 dialkylamino, and sulfonamido or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt therof with the proviso that R is not 6-chloro-3-pyridyl and R1 is not H.